Burner for heavy fuels



A ril 51, 1 953 M. G. BACHEM EI'AL BURNER FOR HEAVY FUELS Filed Sept. 24. 1948 III/[III Til/1111 IuvsuToasz-rlnrzcuqsncnm H NDRE E. TnuPewns 51% z e Patented Apr. 21, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT oF-F f iaesasss V eurmenfroit HEAVY FUELS MarcelQ.:Brachemla AndrsE-iflailn nfle- M nte imarr me ra e Applicatiomseptember 24, 194 8,=-'Serial No. 51;M l I "in 'FranceOctober 2 1947 The :present invention ahasjfor objectra burrier for heavy fuels, characterised by ithe rfree (com- I bustion .of :the :fuel :in a .cup in'w-hich it arrives drop :by drop by gravity :from'areservoirarranged pressure. Prefera'blythis .vap'o'ur ;is produced by the :apparatus itself, forming a less bulky assembly, and comprising a boiler cro'sse'd by a combustion tube in which is arranged the combustion cupfin such a manner that the combustion tube, which is heated by the combustion,

in turn heats the water contained about itself in the boiler. Thefeedyof waterto the boiler is by means of a constant level regulator. The pressure in the boiler and the regulator are made equal to ensure a constant ffe'ed .whatever the pressure maybe. An adjustable valve establi'shes'the maximum pressure which canibe-pr esent in the boilerand the waterflevel regulator.

example of construction of the invention shown schematically in the accompanying .drawlin'g, "wherein Figure '1 shows a perspective elevation of the burner; @Eigure :2 shows a central vertical (section therethrough; Figure 3 shows -,a venticalsection of the constant level regulator, to a larger scale.

The heavy fuel (light fuel-oil, domestic fueloil, or gas oil) is kept in a reservoir I placed at a higher level and provided with an escape pipe 2 to a valve 3 for adjustment of the flow. The fuel falls from the valve 3 into a funnel 4 which is extended by a vertical or oblique tube 5. This tube 5 crosses a combustion tube 6 and emerges above a cup 1 into which it allows the fuel to fall freely. It is in this cup 1 that the combustion of the fuel takes place and at first in free air. The cup 1 is simply placed in the combustion tube 6 and can be withdrawn by simple. pulling to be cleaned of residues of the combustion or filled for lighting if need be.

If the burner consisted simply of this device forming a simple hearth, the combustion of the fuel would be slow with a feeble production of heat and a very great-production of smoke.

To speed this combustion, a ventilation device is added to the simple hearth device, but this former does not require any mechanical or electrical force because of the fact that it employs a jet of water vapour at low pressure, the said jet drawing in ambient air. This water vapour is preferably produced by the apparatus itself which comprises a boiler 8 surrounding the comfllailn. (Cl. 122-:23.)

bustion. tube 1.6,. this :zlatt r being {h ated by th combustion 1 1 the z l falling mm the (cup Waterbontained between {the walls of this boiler andsthe .ei m ustle. tube c n thus th h ated and produce wa :vaneur. w

. The boil s, of any s apeipara1 e1ip p dsevlim drieal. or ZODZJQIWEQ) has air-ti ht walls and bnsticn tub .6, th c mp ete .a e ghtness at thecrossmegneintslbyweldin apluslfiis pla ed belewnt o enmifi the e t in ef the Ibeiiler 3 when there is need :for. zcleaning.and etc.

1?he-boi1er-l8 is filled wit wa e kup to a pert n lerel aac ab ut-;m d= eieht in o der that ther will be formed an upper evaporation chamber where water yapourican be prod ed when th fue ..as burnt in th cup L er a relatively sh rt time. This vapour is led from the summit :of the bo e a afa a th fr n ren r e ief th eem u ion tube b mea s o pip 1 h h. @by mean lef its end why e is f ineed e lnn r d with aperforated rim l l, proiect s one or several i tsi ap urinm the a d combu tion tub Thisie t ese Jetsdraw ,in a certai nuant ty of ambient air, the amount ;-Of which .-can be .091 elled by a p1at .pa'it a lybscurin (the space comp ised betw ensthe distr bu or L and the forward edges of ethe combustion rtllbeplate is not shown in the drawings.)

To adjust the maximum pressure in the boiler 8, an adjustable valve [2 is placed at any point in the course of the water vapour (on the top of the boiler or on the tube H] or on any other tube mentioned hereafter, or even in certain cases on the summit of the water reservoir to be described hereafter).

The boiler 8 should have a constant level of water cu in order that the production of water vapour may be regular. For this purpose, it is fed with water by a reservoir l3 placed at a small distance above ad and provided with a tube M with a valve. This tube 14 comprises at its lower part a constant level regulator [5 having a flat closing barrel float or a pointed float.

But in order that the pressure present in the boiler should not bring about the stoppage or even the return of the flow of water coming from the regulator l5, the top of the water reservoir and the top of the regulator l5, both of which are hermetically sealed, are put into communication by tubes l6 and I! with the top of the boiler in order to obtain a constant equilibrium of. the pressures present in 8, l3, and [5.

In a variation of construction, it is possible to omit the water reservoir l3 and use instead a main water supply which would be connected at the tube M. Figure 3 shows details of the regulator I5 in which a float l9 carries a rubber seal 20 which closes at outlet 2| of the pipe 22 coming either directly from the main or from a reservoir 18. The float arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is old and well-known in the art.

As the burner should function at low water vapour ressure this maximum pressure can be of the order of 300 grammes per cm. which corresponds to a height of three metres of the reservoir l8 above ad.

Again one could simply arrange the water installation pipe as a fixture on top of the regulator 15, providing that the pressure of the installation is greater than the maximum pressure which can be reached by the steam of the boiler.

Again one could in place of a single combustion tube with cup and with ventilation by a vapour jet, cross the boiler 8 by two or several combustion tubes in parallel, each of these latter having a completely individual installation, that is to say, a combustion cup, a feeding tube forfuel with a funnel, a valve, and a distributor with vapour. jet. Likewise one can replace the distributor tubes by a single vapour tube ending in a large single distributor but piercedabout with as many holes (or double holes or triple holes) as there are combustion tubes to be ventilated. Any useful details can be added, such as a cleaning trap for the boiler, masses of copper in the cup to increase the spread surface of the fuel, etc. 7

The dimensions of the complete apparatus are determined by its particular use, such as domestic boiler, cooking stove, industrial furnace and etc.

It goes without saying that the forms, details, dimensions and primary materials can be varied without exceeding the scope of the object of the invention. The heating power of such a burner is very high. The combustion of the heavy fuel is complete stirred up and activated by the jet of water vapour mixed with air; and without any other mechanical or electrical device. The particles of carbon in suspension in the flame or deposited on the walls through which the flame passes, "play, at this high temperature, the part of catalysts for decomposition of the water particles, thereby freeing hydrogen.

The combustion tube 6 is described above with a horizontal direction. This direction can be any other required for a particular use, such as for instance oblique or vertical. Likewise, the combustion tube can be curved to direct the flames which come out in a certain direction. This result can be otherwise obtained by the positioning of a flame reflector at the exit. The section of the combustion tube can be round, oval, or otherwise as required.

We claim:

Burner for heavy fuels comprising a horizontally-disposed open-ended combustion tube, a removable cup in the lower part of said tube to receive fuel, a vertical fuel feed tube crossing the combustion tube and terminating at its lower end above the cup, a fuel reservoir above the combustion tube to feed the fuel to the feed tube, a water boiler arranged about the whole length of the combustion tube, a conduit on the boiler conveying water vapour therefrom into one end of the combustion tube, a perforated distributor ar-.

ranged transversely in one end of the combustion tube and connected to said conduit, and jet forming means on said distributor directed along the. combustion tube to direct the water vapour in the form of jets along the combustion tube parallel to the surface of the fuel in the cup, the jets causin a strong gaseous current through the combustion tube which draws in air for more complete combustion of the fuel.

. MARCEJL G. BACHEM.

ANDRE E. TAUPENAS.

References Cited in the flle of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

